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FUTURO SIMPLE - SIMPLE FUTURE - teoría en castellano -
FUTURO SIMPLE
1. Usos del FUTURO SIMPLE
1.1. Acciones que sucederán en el futuro sin intención del narrador
The sun will shine tomorrow. El sol brillará mañana
1.2.Predicciones ya conocidas.
(I think)Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.
1.3. Acciones, decisiones espontáneas (que se deciden en el momento, por ejemplo)
Hang on! I'll have a word with you.
(At the supermarket) I'll take some chocolates
2. Palabras indicadoras de Futuro Simple.
No siempre se utilizan pero podrías encontrar:
next week
this summer
tomorrow
3.Cómo se forma
will + infinitive
I will finish the homework
4. Examples
4.1. Affirmative sentences in the will-future
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I will win the match. |
I'll win the match. (Yo Ganaré el partido) |
|
You will win the match. |
You'll win the match. |
|
He will win the match. |
He'll win the match. |
4.2. Negative sentences in the will-future
La forma corta se forma con 'll not + el verbo base
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I will not win the match. |
I'll not win the match. |
|
I won't win the match. |
|
|
You will not win the match.. |
You'll not win the match. |
|
You won't win the match. |
|
|
He will not win the match. |
He'll not win the match. |
|
He won't win the match.
|
4.3. Questions in the will-future
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
Will I win the match? |
not possible |
|
Will you win the match? |
|
|
Will he win the match?
|
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE - PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE - teoría en castellano
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE - PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE
1. Usos de el Present Perfect
1.1. Describe acciones que COMENZARON EN EL PASADO y cuyos resultados vemos todavía en el presente. No es importante cuándo pasó la acción.
En nuestro idioma lo traducimos como un pasado (trabajé) o como PRESENTE PERFECTO COMPUESTO DEL MODO INDICATIVO
I have cleaned my room. (Yo he limpiado, o limpié)
He has broken the window.

1.2.Acciones recientemente terminadas, completadas.
He has just played handball.
El recién jugó al handball.
1.3. Hechos que comenzaron en el pasado y aún continúan pasando en el presente.
We have lived in Canada since 1986. (Nosotros hemos vivido...) o vivimos
I have worked as a teacher in Casal Calviño for 28 years. (and I am working today!) (He Trabajado...)
1.4. Junto con : lately, recently, yet
I have been to London recently.
2. PALABRAS QUE NOS INDICAN PRESENT PERFECT
- just
- yet
- never
- already
- ever
- so far
- up to now
- recently
- since
- for
3. COMO SE FORMA
have/has + past participle *(MIRA LA LISTA DE VERBOS, ES LA COLUMNA DE 'PARTICIPLE', LA TERCERA)
4. Examples
4.1. Oraciones AFIRMATIVAS en Present Perfect – regular verbs
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I have cleaned my room. |
I've cleaned my room. |
|
You have cleaned your room. |
You've cleaned your room. |
|
He has cleaned his room. |
He's cleaned his room. |
|
|
4.2. Oraciones AFIRMATIVAS en Present Perfect – irregular verbs
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I have gone home. |
I've gone home. |
|
You have gone home. |
You've gone home. |
|
He has gone home. |
He's gone home. |
4.3. Oraciones NEGATIVAS en Present Perfect – regular verbs
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I have not cleaned my room. |
I've not cleaned my room. |
|
I haven't cleaned my room. |
|
|
You have not cleaned your room. |
You've not cleaned your room. |
|
You haven't cleaned your room. |
|
|
He has not cleaned his room. |
He 's not cleaned his room. |
|
He hasn't cleaned my room. |
4.4. Oraciones NEGATIVAS en Present Perfect – irregular verbs
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I have not gone home. |
I've not gone home. |
|
I haven't gone home. |
|
|
You have not gone home. |
You've not gone home. |
|
You haven't gone home. |
|
|
He has not gone home. |
He's not gone home. |
|
He hasn't gone home. |
|
|
|
4.5. Preguntas en Present Perfect – regular verbs
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
Have I cleaned the room? |
There are no contracted forms. |
|
Have you cleaned the room? |
|
|
Has he cleaned the room?
|
4.6. Preguntas en Present Perfect – irregular verbs
|
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
Have I gone home? |
There are no contracted forms. |
|
Have you gone home? |
|
|
Has he gone home? |
* past participle:
- regular verbs → infinitive + -ed
- irregular verbs → 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs
Simple Past - PASADO SIMPLE + teoría en castellano -
Simple Past - PASADO SIMPLE
1. Usos del Pasado Simple
1.1. Acciones que finalizaron en el pasado.
I visited Berlin last week. (Visité Berlin la semana pasada)
1.2. Serie de acciones que se completaron o terminaron en el pasado.
First I got up, then I had breakfast.
Primero me levanté, luego tomé el desayuno.
1.3. En la misma oración junto con el PASADO CONTINUO.
El Simple Past interrumpió una acción que estaba sucediento y
que estaba en PAST CONTINUOUS.
They were playing cards, when the telephone rang.
Ellos estaban jugando a las cartas, cuando el telefono sonó.
1st action → Past Progressive → were playing
2nd action → Simple Past → rang
2. Palabras que indican PASADO SIMPLE.
· yesterday
· last week
· a month ago
· in 2010
· last Monday /month/ year
Algunos ejemplos:
- What did you do in your last holidays?
- His parents married in 2004.
- I didn't text my friend yesterday.
- Did you miss the bus this morning?
Cómo se traduce el PASADO SIMPLE?
El pasado simple se traduce como PRETERITO PERFECTO SIMPLE DEL MODO INDICATIVO en nuestro idioma (yo compré) y también lo podemos traducir como PRETERITO IMPERFECTO (yo compraba). En el momento de hacer la traducción decidiremos cuál forma es más apropiada.
His parents married in 2004.
Sus padres se casaron en el 2004 (traducirlo se casaban no quedaría bien)
Cómo se forma el PASADO SIMPLE?
Primero te cuento que hay 2 tipos de verbos:
►regulares
►irregulares
Los verbos irregulares aparecen en una lista de verbos que podés descargar del blog o del classroom. La va a ver acá abajo.
Como cambia su escritura para formar el pasado tendrás que tenerla a mano para hacer los primeros ejercicios. Con el tiempo la sabrás de memoria.
En la lista tenemos 3 columnas principales y el primer trabajo que haremos será SABER UTILIZAR LA LISTA.
UN VERBO PUEDE ESTAR EN :
INFINITIVO - SIMPLE PAST - PAST PARTICIPLE
INFINITIVO : en esta lista dice PRESENT para que sepas que se utiliza en el PRESENTE.(ESTA SIN CONJUGAR). COLUMNA 1.
SIMPLE PAST: en esta lista dice SIMPLE PAST COLUMNA 2.
PAST PARTICIPLE : en esta lista dice PAST PARTICIPLE. COLUMNA 3.
►En esta lista está además la PRONUNCIACION Y EL SIGNIFICADO DE CADA VERBO IRREGULAR (ESAS COLUMNAS NO CUENTAN)
EN PASADO SIMPLE USAREMOS LA COLUMNA 2 ► SIMPLE PAST
lista de verbos IRREGULARES abajo
Entonces el pasado se forma así:
· si el verbo es regular: formamos el pasado agregando el verbo + - ed
· si el verbo es IRREGULAR: lo escribimos tal cual aparece en la 2º columna de la LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES.
1.1. Cómo formar ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS en PASADO SIMPLE – con verbos regulares
· I played with a ball. (yo jugué)
· You played with a ball.
· He played with a ball.
· She played with a ball.
· It played with a ball.
· We played with a ball.
· You played with a ball.
· They played with a ball.
1.2. Cómo formar ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS en PASADO SIMPLE - con verbos irregulares –
· I went home.
· You went home.
· He went home.
· She went home.
· It went home.
· We went home.
· You went home.
· They went home.
► Se usa la misma forma verbal EN TODAS LAS PERSONAS.
2.1. Forma Negativa en Simple Past – regular verbs
Te acordás que en PRESENTE SIMPLE USAMOS UN AUXILIAR? y que ese AUXILIAR ERA ► DO Y DOES? Bien, en PASADO SIMPLE usaremos otro AUXILIAR :
► DID
· I did not play with a ball.
· You did not play with a ball.
· He did not play with a ball.
· She did not play with a ball.
· It did not play with a ball.
· We did not play with a ball.
· You did not play with a ball.
· They did not play with a ball.
2.1. Forma negativa en Simple Past – ejemplo con un verbo irregular
· I did not go home.
· You did not go home.
· He did not go home.
· She did not go home.
· It did not go home.
· We did not go home.
· You did not go home.
· They did not go home.
·
· Forma Interrogativa en el Simple Past. Preguntas con did
1. Forma interrogativa sin PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS (sin What, Where, When, etc)
Observá que el AUXILIAR (DID) se escribe delante del sujeto.
|
Auxiliary |
Subject |
Verb |
Rest |
Yes/No |
Subject |
Auxiliary (+ n't) |
|
Did |
Max |
play |
football? |
Yes, |
he |
did. |
|
Did |
you |
watch |
the film yesterday? |
Yes, |
I |
did. |
· con el verbo TO BE no usamos auxiliar:
|
to be |
Subject |
Rest |
Yes/No |
Subject |
Auxiliary (+ n't) |
|
Were |
you |
In Córdoba last week? |
Yes, |
I |
was. |
2. Forma INTERROGATIVA CON PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS (con What, Where, When, etc)
|
Question word |
Auxiliary |
Subject |
Verb |
Rest |
Answer |
|
What |
did |
you |
play |
yesterday evening? |
I played computer games. |
|
When |
did |
she |
meet |
her boyfriend? |
She met him yesterday. |
|
Where |
did |
they |
go |
after the match? |
They went to a café. |
Formas cortas en el Simple Past
1. Affirmative forms
|
Pronouns |
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I, he, she, it, we, you, they |
I went |
not possible |
|
you went |
||
|
he went |
||
|
they went |
2. Negative forms. FORMAS CORTAS. Recordá que el AUXILIAR EN LAS FORMAS NEGATIVAS SE ESCRIBE ANTES DEL VERBO Y CON EL NOT
|
Pronouns |
Long forms |
Contracted forms |
|
I, he, she, it, we, you, they |
I did not go |
I didn't go |
|
you did not go |
you didn't go |
|
|
he did not go |
he didn't go |
Vamos a un ejemplo de transformación.
Dada la siguiente oración, pasarla a :
Simple Past: aff/int/neg
► Driverless cars (bring) an increase in unemployment.
( ) entre paréntesis está el verbo. Buscalo en la LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES para ya ir sabiendo si para formar SU PASADO vas a agregar ED o lo vas a copiar de la lista porque es IRREGULAR Y CAMBIA parte de su escritura o cambia su escritura totalmente.
► Driverless cars (bring) an increase in unemployment.
S. PAST:
aff. Driverless cars brought an increase in unemployment.
int: Did driverless cars bring an increase in unemployment?
neg: Driverless cars did not bring an increase in unemployment.
